Authors - G Baby Lakshmi Prasanna, R. Pradeep Kumar Reddy Abstract - In a time of increasing dependence on digital identity, facial biometric systems have become important for access control and authentication. However, their vulnerability to advanced presentation attacks is especially 3D masks and media -based (photos, videos and replay’s like gif) reflects serious security threats. Due to liveness detection will show some impact on the major threats which are unseen attacks. This literature survey systematically examines the development of real -time detection techniques developed to combat these challenges. We analyze deep learning methods and hybrid models such as classic texture-based methods, 3D depth and thermal sensing, CNN and VITs, customized distribution on edge units. The paper data set discusses availability, real -time performance, generality of the domain and hardware efficiency. Research intervals have been highlighted in adapting cross -film, unfavorable strength and distribution of low resources. This review serves as a basis for researchers and doctors, who aim to develop flexible, real-time anti-spoofing systems for safe biometric authentication. Apart from this some of review highlights the importance of standardized evaluation protocols, privacy-preserving deployment and fairness across demographics groups.
Authors - Ch Sahyaja, D. Harsha, G. Sruthi, Ch Shankar Abstract - The digital marketplace presents significant challenges for firms, making customer loyalty a crucial strategic goal for sustained success. This study develops and tests a mediated-moderated structural model to uncover the mechanisms behind customer loyalty formation. Drawing on Relationship Marketing Theory and Customer Engagement Theory, the model examines Customer Engagement (CE) as a mediator between Customer Satisfaction (CS), Trust (TR), and Brand Image (BI), with Perceived Value (PV) moderating the CE–Customer Loyalty (CL) relationship. Data from 406 digital consumers were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and moderation analysis. Results reveal that CE significantly mediates the effects of satisfaction, trust, and brand image on loyalty, accounting for up to 47% of the relationship. Additionally, PV moderates the engagement–loyalty link, enhancing the impact of engagement on loyalty in online contexts. The constructions demonstrated strong reliability and validity. These findings highlight the central role of engagement in converting relational drivers into loyalty and emphasize the importance of perceived value in strengthening this effect, offering valuable insights for firms seeking to build enduring digital customer relationships.
Authors - Sreesankar R S, Durgalashmi C V Abstract - This study examines the year-on-year percentage change in Goods and Services Tax (GST) collections across five South Indian states—Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh—from 2017–2018 to 2023–2024. Employing a comparative and trend analysis framework, the research traces the initial post-implementation surge, the pandemic-induced contraction, and the subsequent recovery and deceleration phases. While all states experienced robust growth immediately after the introduction of GST, the subsequent trends reveal significant divergence. Karnataka consistently outperformed its peers, benefiting from digital readiness and administrative efficiency, whereas Andhra Pradesh, despite an early lead, now lags. The findings highlight the influence of state-specific economic structures, governance models, and digital infrastructure on tax performance.
Authors - D.K. Chaturvedi, Sachin Diwaker Abstract - Footwear is critical in maintaining foot health, comfort, and overall well-being. Leather and non-leather materials are widely used in footwear manufacturing, each with distinct properties affecting breathability, durability, and foot support. This study examines the impact of leather and non-leather footwear on foot health and comfort by analyzing existing research, material properties, and biomechanical factors. Findings indicate that leather footwear generally offers superior breathability and ergonomic support, whereas non-leather alternatives provide cost-effective and ethical advantages but may lead to foot discomfort over prolonged use. Future research should focus on developing sustainable yet comfortable alternatives.
Authors - Oleksii Shapoval Abstract - Stackable micro-credentials have a significant potential for making the study process more flexible and personalized. The paper introduces an approach for managing educational processes related to the acquisition of stackable micro-credentials with the use of blockchain technology. The approach allows learners to build verifiable personalized skill trees with cryptographic provenance of their progression. The paper first outlines related works in the fields of micro-credentials, stackable credentials, and the application of blockchain technology in education and knowledge certification. Then, the approach is described, starting with a high-level overview, elaboration on incorporated technologies, and a description of the main processes. The contextualization of the work is then provided, elaborating on implications and practical advantages of the presented approach. The research contributes to the field of knowledge management by providing a practical blueprint for how blockchain technology can be applied for personalization of learning process. This approach can be applied for a number of use-cases, from small-scale workshops to online courses and education institution environments.
Authors - Sandali Tharumini, Indra Mahakalanda, Prasanga Jayathunga Abstract - Advertising is a major element in the promotional mix that plays a crucial role in both brand development and success. Advertising messages reach end customers through multiple mediums like television, radio, digital media, outdoor display advertising (OOH), and print publications. The selection of an optimal media mix serves as one of the critical aspects. This research addresses the issue of the absence of a structured methodology for media mix selection in the advertising industry, which generally leads to inefficient media planning. Applying the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) technique, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, the study evaluates five qualitative criteria to determine the optimal media mix. By using a real-world relaunch campaign, "My Zesta Story" from the Sri Lankan tea brand "Zesta", the study provides a campaign-specific framework for media mix optimization. The analysis reveals that learning effectiveness is the most influencing criterion in media selection, and overall, in terms of performance, digital media and TV are the best performers. Digital is slightly leading due to its affordability, learning effectiveness, and campaign fit. TV outperforms on communication fit and competitiveness
Authors - Takumi Kato, Ryosuke Ikeda, Emiko Yamada, Kenta Kasahara Abstract - In the current big data era, excessively rich data may cause information overload in employees, resulting in reduced productivity. Therefore, this study seeks to address the question: "Is it more effective to generate ideas by showing factors at the factor level, as with structural equation modeling (SEM), rather than showing the effects of a large number of individual variables, as with multiple regression analysis (MRA)?" We randomly assigned 131 students to use the brand image factors of 10 sports in Japan as reference data for ideas. We provided the control group with the MRA analysis results and the treatment group with the SEM analysis results, and asked them to plan a new gym concept. As a result of a randomized controlled trial conducted on 2,521 people in their 20s to 60s, 29.1% (control group: MRA analysis) and 36.2% (treatment group: SEM analysis) found the concept attractive (quality of the concept); a significant difference was detected. However, the amount of concepts was fewer in the treatment group. Presumably, the motivation to generate more ideas decreases once a good idea is generated through SEM. Therefore, SEM should be actively adopted for data analysis within a company to reveal employees’ idea-creating abilities. Additionally, the motivation to produce more ideas decreases once a good idea is produced; hence, managers should not easily demand large amounts of output from their subordinates. This study is novel since it demonstrates the impact of the comprehensive analytical results of aggregated information from SEM on human creativity.
Authors - Patel Nirmal Rajnikant, Ritu Khanna Abstract - The relevance of conventional Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) models to today's manufacturing systems with varying and unpredictable parts demand is small, as they often use closed-form analytical approaches with constant demand. In this paper, we propose a numerical scheme that integrates Newton-Raphson iterative techniques with finite difference methods to address complex EOQ models with variable demand. To achieve this, the EOQ problem is reformulated into a nonlinear minimization problem of a total cost model where a non-linear first-order condition needs to be solved to find the order quantity. Due to the variability of demand, it is often impossible to analytically derive the cost function’s gradient, thus the finite difference method is employed within the Newton-Raphson iteration process to approximate the gradient.To assess the method's effectiveness, several manufacturing case scenarios with different demand profiles are used. The results show that the proposed hybrid procedure finds accurate solutions even for non-linear and non-stationary demand. The paper fills the gap between the theory of optimization and actual inventory management in the dynamic production environment by providing a flexible and widely applicable solution procedure for EOQ models with advanced elements.
Authors - Patel Nirmal Rajnikant, Ritu Khanna Abstract - We provide a rationale on how businesses can adapt inventory control techniques and simultaneously integrate sustainability strategies to reach economic goals. An up-to-date version of the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model is developed with sustainability prerequisites around the greenhouse gas emissions limit and the ratio of renewable resources used during procurement, aiming to lower total inventory cost while observing the legal green compliance requisites. These prerequisites focus on the scope of emissions generated and emissions reduction efforts undertaken by the business. Subordinate to emissions caps, we set forth a decision variable proportional to renewably sourced material per order. Valuable analytical responses to questions related to the impact of cap levels and renewably sourcing on order size, frequency and cost are presented. Numerical example based on business of a medium-sized manufacturing company is implemented. Outcomes reveal that investments for strengthening renewably sourced materials to drive green purchasing significantly improve environmental footprint measurements at reduced cost. Such awareness significantly boosts operation planning cost sustainability objectives.
Authors - Adwaitha K Raj, Pranesh P, Durga Lashmi C.V, Taramol K.G Abstract - The sale of insurance products through the bancassurance channel has rapidly gained popularity in India. Consumers who make use of joint services provided by banks and insurance companies weigh different considerations when making purchases and evaluate different standards to gauge their degree of satisfaction. This study examines the factors that influence customer purchasing behaviour and satisfaction with bancassurance, using a sample of 150 respondents from three districts in Kerala. The findings suggest that after purchasing insurance through agents, banks are emerging as the next best option, due to their commitment, cost savings and return on investment. Majority clients prefer to buy future insurance policies through bancassurance, citing advantages like current policy information, fast premium payments, and efficient claims processing. Therefore, the future of bancassurance in India looks promising if partnering companies effectively channel their efforts to meet the customers' needs.
